Sustainable economic development: definitions, the goals, environmental economics and pollution

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1. Question 1

   The 'Material Balance Approach', explaining the link between economy and environment, rests on which law?

   1. A. The first law of thermodynamics
   2. B. Newton's third law
   3. C. The law of demand
   4. D. The law of diminishing utility
   Answer and explanation

   ✓ Correct answer: A. The first law of thermodynamics

   The Material Balance Approach of Allen Kneese and R.V. Ayres rests on the first law of thermodynamics: what goes in must come out.

   Source: பொருளியல், மேல்நிலை இரண்டாம் ஆண்டு, தமிழ் வழி (Economics, Standard XII, Tamil medium; Samacheer Kalvi) (இயல் 10 சுற்றுச்சூழல் பொருளியல், p. 247 (PDF p. 253))

2. Question 2

   Which body defined sustainable development as "meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs"?

   1. A. The World Health Organization
   2. B. The World Commission on Environment and Development (1987)
   3. C. NITI Aayog
   4. D. The IMF
   Answer and explanation

   ✓ Correct answer: B. The World Commission on Environment and Development (1987)

   This definition was given by the World Commission on Environment and Development in 1987.

   Source: பொருளியல், மேல்நிலை இரண்டாம் ஆண்டு, தமிழ் வழி (Economics, Standard XII, Tamil medium; Samacheer Kalvi) (இயல் 10 சுற்றுச்சூழல் பொருளியல், p. 263 (PDF p. 269))